African penguins: climate refugees from a distant past?

Stellenbosch, South Africa (SPX) Apr 24, 2023

Imagine the view from the western coastline of southern Africa during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) over twenty thousand years ago: in the distance you would see at least fifteen large islands - the largest 300 square kilometres in area - swarming with hundreds of millions of marine birds and penguin colonies. Now imagine sea levels rising up to a hundred metres between fifteen to seven t